Flash mob-Métaphore de la créativité

Le Flash Mob comme une métaphore de la créativité et de l'efficacité dans la planification

Introduction

Il est désormais courant de voir des gens agissant dans les espaces publics et même semblant déconnexion, sont progressivement en train de devenir des grandes groupes par l´arriveé progressif de participants «spontanés» qui développent une activité précise ou performance impliquant en quelque sorte passants qui vont par où les activités du groupe sont développées. Dans certains cas, il s'agit aussi directement les gens qui n'ont vraiment rien à voir avec le plan d'intervention. Quand il s'agit de danser, ensembles de musique connus et optimistes, les vrais observateurs deviennent des participants, dans certains cas, juste une impulsion ludique ou l'esprit de participation, dans d'autres cas, une invitation directe ou suggestion.

Cet événement est appelé un flash mob, une variété d'événements éphémères qui se forment et se brisent temps en minutes ou en secondes, dans l'espace public d'une ville, un lieu, un parc, une rue.

Alzamora et Alencar (2009, p.1) affirment que l'origine de la flash mob est dans l'existence d'un réseau permettant la connexion entre les membres d'une ville et de la formation des espaces contemporains, des espaces qui peuvent être de nature physique ou virtuel et produisent une expérience esthétique partagée en permettant le rassemblement de personnes en l'espace de transit ou d'agir.

Selon Cobo (2006, p.3) le phénomène découle du fait que

"L'émergence du Web 2.0 est très intéressante, car elle permet une utilisation d'Internet plus démocratique et participative. C'est dans ce contexte que de nouvelles perspectives sont configurés pour analyser les manifestations sociales exprimées par les technologies de communication. Ce phénomène social des groupes de personnes organisés via des appareils numériques a été appelé la foule instantanée ou le flash ... mobilisations ".

Le Flash Mob est un rassemblement de «un groupe de personnes qui se réunissent simultanément transitoire et volontairement, sans la nécessité d'être au courant avant, dans un lieu public à faire quelque chose d'inhabituel ou remarquable (actions généralement symboliques) et puis disparaissent sans avertissement. Ils sont généralement organisés par Internet ou tout autre système de communication numérique "(Cobo, 2006, p.4)

Le concept de foules intelligentes (smart mob de) ou la rapidité avec laquelle se forment et disparaissent, la foule éclair (foule éclair) est également pris en charge.  Dans tous les cas, quel que soit le nom utilisé, et il y´a de nouvelles caractéristiques en raison de la façon dont la société comprend son rôle dans le monde.

Naturellement, Phénomènes comme cela ne peut pas être déclarées neutres, ont des avantages et des inconvénients, les opportunités et les risques; mais le but de cet article n'est pas de contester la validité ou la valeur sociale de la flash mob, mais de montrer à partir d'un point de vue de la gestion du développement des activités synchronisées, les participants ont leur place, en utilisant les ressources, se terminant par un déterminé du temps et atteindre un objectif, générer surprise et transmettre des messages.

Alzamora et Alencar (2009, p.4) indiquent que les «flash mobs sont configurés comme des lignes de fuite, des moments qui interfèrent avec le paysage de la ville," c'est peut-être utile de se demander si le flash mob gêne momentanément déstabiliser la ville, ou tout simplement accentuer quelque chose qu'ils possèdent déjà.

 Dans le lien, vous pouvez voir une des nombreuses possibilités de flash mob. L'Orchestre symphonique effectue une ville espagnole Boléro de Ravel. En finissant l'exécution, se terminant réunion collective, mais l'effet a été la création d'un sentiment esthétique partagée par les acteurs et les spectateurs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsF53JpBMlk

Le Flash mob créativité comme métaphore et sa relation avec la planification

Les activités de planification ne doivent pas être considérées comme un processus rigides et, dans lequel l'exécutif fixe l'objectif, décide que les gens et les ressources sont obtenues, décide, procédures, processus et ordonne la structure d'exécution.

La créativité est importante, mais la tâche soit un objectif concret et non créatrice. Afin de s'assurer que les employés participent de manière efficace, pleinement et de façon coordonnée la créativité est nécessaire. Ce qui doit être fait? Qui est impliqué? Quelles sont les ressources disponibles? Dans quel ordre se déroulent les activités? Pour atteindre l'efficacité, l'efficience et l'efficacité de créativité est nécessaire.

Les flash mobs apparemment spontanée son basée sur un plan créatif, dans un script, et  comme tous les plans ont une structure qui révèle la créativité. Par exemple, pour effectuer flash mob suggéré en référence 2, Trouver votre déménagement (2014) sur le thème de la danse a énuméré les activités suivantes:

1) Identifier la place. Est suggéré un endroit où les gens passent et où il y´a de la place pour le développement de l'activité.

2) Choisissez le type de musique. Savoir ce qui est de la musique populaire dans le pays; parfois nécessaire de discuter et de parvenir à un consensus parmi les créateurs du thème.

3) Création de la chorégraphie. Le succès de la flash mob dépend de l'originalité, de la vitalité et de l'attractivité; d´ailleurs est interdite la imitation ou de plagiat d'événements organisés. Une condition importante est de trouver qui peut créer la chorégraphie et les danseurs qui seront nécessaires pour assurer la cohérence et la qualité de l'événement.

La recherche d'une personne pour créer la chorégraphie n'exclut pas la possibilité que ceux qui ont l'idée de la flash mob prendre soin de cela et d'autres activités, qui est affiché est la possibilité d'augmenter la qualité, l'originalité et les options lorsqu'ils sont engagés plus de personnes qui multiplient par synergie le potentielle flash mob.

4) Déterminez le nombre de participants et ce qui rend chaque; tandis que pour etre le chef de la flash mob doit être choisi qui peut être celui qui en plus d'être un danseur virtuose, connait bien la chorégraphie.

5) Détails. Doivent être respectés les costumes, les caractéristiques du site (amplitude, les restrictions, permet aux autorités, sécurité), des articles promotionnels (affiches, annonces dans réseau de médias), le matériel promotionnel, matériel

Figure 1

Nous pouvons faire un parallèle entre le flash mob et de la planification, comme indiqué dans le tableau

                    Tableau 1 Analogie entre la planification et flash mob

Planification	Flash mob
Zone d'influence du plan	Ientificacion du lieu
Type de projet (on suppose l'évaluation)	Choisissez le type de musique (les meilleures alternatives évaluées)
L'élaboration du plan. Les étapes et les processus. Un personnel qualifié impliqué dans processus de planification	Création la chorégraphie de la (originalité, la vivacité, l'attractivité)
Déterminer les impliqués, élection du chef	Nombre de participants, élection du chef pour  flash mob
Détails (Ressources, des médias, des limites, des plans d'urgence)	Détails (restrictions, les permis, la promotion, de l'équipement)

Source: Propre création. Carlos Rivas R., Octobre 2014

Pourquoi ne pas envisager des activités de planification dans le cadre d'un scénario dans lequel les joueurs doivent jouer leur rôle à la perfection, sans apparemment aucune personne oblige ou exerce des contrôles? Ce serait la magie d'un plan bien conçu et créative dirigée par un leader créatif et planificateur.

Dans le développement de Flash mob peut être vu que les actions découlent sans interruption, chaque participant prend sa place et exécute sa tâche sans retards ou des erreurs, le bâton de script prévu pour elle ;  a la fin, le groupe «spontané» disparaît; aucun ordre, aucune correction, aucune interaction n'a été observée. Peut-être, juste quelque chose qui ne ressemble pas, le sourire et la satisfaction des organisateurs de la flash mob, qui a connu le sentiment de réussite et de triomphe pour parvenir à une approche sociale réussie.

Dans une organisation, indépendamment de la taille ou du secteur, il est prévu que le plan opérationnel ou tactique développé par un exécutif soient développés à la perfection dans le temps prévu, avec le droit personnel et strictement et l'utilisation de certaines ressources; alors qu'ils ont atteint les buts ou objectifs. Si tout s'est déroulé à la fluidité de la flash mob, nous pouvons dire que l'exécutif qui a élaboré le plan, en plus des conditions indiquées dans la planification est un chef de file, car il permet d'obtenir l'engagement pleine, consciente et totale de tous ceux qui correspond.

Dans la vraie vie, certains acteurs (employés de l'organisation) peuvent exprimer leur désaccord avec l'équipe, en faisant actions de blocage, de sabotage, ce qui empêche le plein respect du plan. Pour les détecter et à les exclure ou de changer d'avis, il serait beaucoup mieux, la créativité et le déploiement de négociation et de leadership sont également nécessaires.

Il est donc souhaitable que les gestionnaires dans le cadre de la formation officielle de gestion, apprennent à développer un flash mob, sans avoir à descendre dans la rue, peut-être dans l'environnement physique de la entreprise; ce qui importe est d'apprendre à développer la créativité, la capacité de trouver des relations entre les différentes activités, pour trouver la bonne activité pour chaque acteur, la séquence, et en particulier l'apprentissage préalable.

Lors de l'élaboration de la flash mob reçoit pas d'instructions, personne n'est remise en cause par des erreurs parce que tout est fait bon, personne n'est traité de façon spéciale car tout le monde est égal et tout le monde pense et remplit son rôle. Pourquoi ne pas apprendre de ces activités?

Si l'exécutif fait développer un flash mob sur la rue, dans l'espace public, beaucoup mieux, car en plus de créativité, faisant preuve de courage et de capacité à agir dans divers scénarios. Un flash mob organisation dans l'espace public pourrait se pencher sur des sujets qui se rapportent à des produits ou services offerts par la société.

Les plans stratégiques ne peuvent pas être considérés strictement comme analogue à la flash mob car ils impliquent plus et des activités complexes qui se chevauchent ou se développent progressivement, mais néanmoins exigent également la créativité dans la conception et l'exécution.

Le lien est fourni pour apprécier une autre flash mob, une danse populaire grecque.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U2bdXZzel0

Conclusions

Le flash mob, apparemment rencontre spontanée et l'interaction des personnes dans un espace public, est possible grâce à l'appui qui permettent la technologie dans les réseaux sociaux.

Le flash mob, plus la créativité, implique un processus de planification qui peut être comparée à la planification des activités.

Il est recommandé que les gestionnaires comprennent les caractéristiques de la flash mob pour appliquer alors plus pertinente à votre situation spécifique dans l'organisation.

 

Références

 

Alzamora, Geane; Alencar, Renara (2009) FLASHMOB: REFLEXÕES PRELIMINARES

SOBRE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE REDE. V ENECULT - Encontro de Estudos Multidisciplinares em Cultura 27 a 29 de maio de 2009, Faculdade de Comunicação/UFBa, Salvador-Bahia-Brasil.

 

Cobo Romaní, Cristóbal  (2006) LAS MULTITUDES INTELIGENTES DE LA ERA DIGITAL. Revista Digital Universitaria, 10 de junio 2006 • Volumen 7 Número 6 • ISSN: 1067-6079

 

NOW WE MOVE FLASH MOB 2014 .  SET  THE BASIS FOR A SUCCESSFUL MOVE WEEK 2014 BY ORGANISING YOUR OWN NOWWEMOVE FLASH MOB, disponible en  http://www.moveweek.eu

Flash mob- Creativity metaphor

The Flash Mob as a metaphor for creativity and efficiency in the planning

Introduction

It is now common to see people acting in public spaces and even seeming disconnection, are gradually emerging as the gradual increasing groups from  "spontaneous" participants who accurately develop an activity or performance involving somehow bystanders, who are really going by where group activities are developed. In some cases, it also directly involves people who really have nothing to do with the intervention plan. When it comes to dance, known and upbeat music sets, real observers become participants, in some cases, just a playful impulse or spirit of participation, in other case, a direct invitation or suggestion.

This event is called a flash mob, a variety of ephemeral events that form and break times in minutes or seconds, in the public space of a city, as a place, a park, a street.

Alzamora and Alencar (2009, p.1) state that the origin of the flash mob is in the existence of a network, allowing connection between the members of a city and the creation of contemporary spaces, spaces that can be physical or virtual and produce a shared aesthetic experience by allowing the gathering of people in the space on transit or act.

According Cobo (2006, p.3) the phenomenon arises because

"The emergence of Web 2.0 is highly attractive because it allows a more democratic and participatory Internet use. It is in this context that new perspectives are configured to analyze social manifestations articulated by communication technologies. This social phenomenon of groups of people organized via digital devices has been called instantaneous or flash mob ... mobilizations. "

The Flash mob is a gathering of "a group of people who meet simultaneously transient and voluntarily, without the need to be aware of before, in a public place to do something unusual or remarkable (usually symbolic actions) and then disappear without warning. They are usually organized through the Internet or other digital communication system "(Cobo, 2006, p.4)

The concept of smart mobs (Smart mob) or the speed with which form and disappear, flash crowd (flash crowd) is also supported; In any case, whatever the name used, and there are new characteristics due to the way society understands its role in the world.

Naturally phenomena like this cannot be declared neutral, have advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and risks; but there is discussion about the purpose of this article is not to question the validity or social value of flash mob, but to show from a management perspective the development of synchronized activities, participants have their place, employing resources, ending in a determined time and achieve a goal, generate surprise and transmit messages.

Alzamora and Alencar (2009, p.4) indicated in the "flash mobs are configured as lines of flight, moments that interfere with the landscape of the city," maybe it's valid to ask whether the flash mob interfere momentarily or destabilize the city, or just accentuate something they already own.

  In the link you can see one of the many possibilities of flash mob. The Symphony Orchestra performs a Spanish city Ravel's Bolero. Completes execution, ending collective meeting, but the effect was the creation of an aesthetic feeling shared by actors and spectators.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsF53JpBMlk

The Flash mob Creativity as Metaphor and its relationship with the Planning

Planning activities should not be viewed as a rigid processes and, in which the executive sets the goal, decides that people and resources is achieved, decides how, procedures, processes and orders the execution structure.

Creativity is important even if the task or goal is concrete and uncreative. To ensure that staff participates in an efficient, fully and in a coordinated way creativity is needed. What should be done? Who is involved? What resources are available? In what order the activities take place? To achieve efficiency, effectiveness and efficiency much creativity is needed.

The flash mobs, seemingly spontaneous are based on a creative plan, in a script, like all plans, have a structure that reveals creativity. For example, to perform flash mob suggested in Reference 2, Find your move (2014) with the theme of dance listed the following activities:

1) Identify the place. A place where many people pass and where there is room for development of the activity is suggested.
                    
2) Choose the type of music. Knowing which is popular music in the country; sometimes required to discuss and reach consensus among the creators of the theme.

3) Creating the choreography. The success of the flash mob depends on originality, vitality and attractiveness; for alleged copying or plagiarism of events held elsewhere is prohibited. An important condition is to find who can create the choreography and the dancers who will be needed to achieve consistency and quality of the event.

The search for a person to create the choreography does not exclude the possibility that those who have the idea of ​​the flash mob take care of this and other activities, which is displayed is the possibility of increasing the quality, originality and options when engaged more people multiplied by synergy potential flash mob.

4) Decide the number of participants and what makes each; while the leader of the flash mob, should be chosen carefully. He may be one who besides being a virtuoso dancer, well known choreography.

5) Details. Costumes, site characteristics (amplitude, restrictions, permits authorities, security), promotional items (posters, ads in media network), promotional material, equipment should be noted.

We can draw a parallel between the flash mob and planning, as shown in Table

                           Table 1 Analogy between Planning and flash mob

Planning	Flash mob
Area of ​​influence of the plan	Site identification
Project type (is assumed previous assessment)	Choose type of music (the best alternatives evaluated)
Plan development. Stages and processes. Trained staff involved in the planning process	Creating choreography (originality, liveliness, attractiveness)
Determining people involved, leader election	Number of participants, flash mob leader election
Details (Resources, media, limitations, contingency plans)	Details (restrictions, permits, promotion, equipment)

Source: Own Creation. Carlos Rivas R., October 2014

Why not consider planning activities as part of a script in which players are expected to perform their role to perfection, without apparently nobody forces or controls? That would be the magic of a well-crafted and creative plan designed and directed by a planner and creative leader.

In the development of Flash mob can be seen that the actions flow without interruption, each participant takes his place and executes its task without delays or errors, the planned script stick to it. At the end, the group "spontaneous" disappears; no order, no correction, no further interaction was observed. Maybe, just something that does not look, smile and satisfaction of the organizers of the flash mob, who experienced the feeling of success and triumph for achieving a successful social approach.

In an organization, regardless of size or sector, it is expected that the operational or tactical plan developed by an executive are developed to perfection in the expected time, with the right staff and strictly using disposable resources; while they have achieved the goals or objectives. If everything ran with the fluidity of the flash mob, we can say that the executive who developed the plan, in addition to the conditions shown in the planning is a leader, because it achieves the full, conscious, and total commitment of all to those who corresponds.

In real life, some actors (employees of the organization) may express disagreement, tune or out of tune with the team, blocking actions, sabotage, preventing the full respect of the plan. To detect and exclude them or change their minds, it would be much better; creativity and deployment of negotiation and leadership skills are also required.

  It is therefore advisable that managers as part of the formal management training, learn to develop a flash mob, without having to take to the streets, may be within the physical environment of the company; what matters is learning to develop creativity, the ability to find relationships between different activities, to find the right activity for each actor, the sequence, and especially prior learning to good performance.

During the development of the flash mob, participants receive no instructions, no one is questioned by mistakes because everything is done right one, no one is treated in a special way because everyone is equal and everyone assumes and fulfills its role. Why should not learn from these activities?

If the executive does develop a flash mob on the street, in public space, much better, because in addition to creativity, he is showing courage and ability to act in various scenarios. An organizational flash mob in public space could lean on topics that relate to the products or services offered by the company.

Strategic plans may not strictly be regarded as analogous to the flash mob because they involve longer and complex activities that overlap or develop gradually, but nevertheless also require creativity in design and execution.

The link is provided to appreciate another flash mob, a popular Greek dance.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U2bdXZzel0

Conclusions

The flash mob, apparently spontaneous encounter and interaction of people in a public space, are possible thanks to the support that enable technology in social networks.

The flash mob, plus creativity, involves a planning process that can be compared with the business planning.

It is advisable that managers understand the characteristics of the flash mob, to apply then more relevant characteristics to specific situations in the organization.

References

Alzamora, Geane; Alencar, Renara (2009) FLASHMOB: REFLEXÕES PRELIMINARES

SOBRE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE REDE. V ENECULT - Encontro de Estudos Multidisciplinares em Cultura 27 a 29 de maio de 2009, Faculdade de Comunicação/UFBa, Salvador-Bahia-Brasil.

 

Cobo Romaní, Cristóbal  (2006) LAS MULTITUDES INTELIGENTES DE LA ERA DIGITAL. Revista Digital Universitaria, 10 de junio 2006 • Volumen 7 Número 6 • ISSN: 1067-6079

 

NOW WE MOVE FLASH MOB 2014 .  SET  THE BASIS FOR A SUCCESSFUL MOVE WEEK 2014 BY ORGANISING YOUR OWN NOWWEMOVE FLASH MOB, disponible en  http://www.moveweek.eu

Leadership and Methapors

Leadership and the use of metaphors in organizational management

1. Backgroun

d

Imagine a situation in which the CEO, a senior executive or head of a company wants to capture the attention and commitment of its staff to achieve corporate goals. A conventional chief appeal to the responsibility, the need to fulfill the duties, including direct or indirect threats, using known and repetitive speeches; a leader in a nutshell, using a metaphor, just carefully chosen words and images and will transmit the message in the minds of listeners a topic on which they, consciously or unconsciously, reflect and respond adequately. The first, direct speech can accomplish little, just boredom, greater strength and less commitment when he does what he preaches or proposed; the second with a metaphor, short, strong personal conviction and exemplary conduct, can secure the support and commitment.

1.    The methaphor

The metaphor (the Metaphora Latin, and this in turn taken from the Greek μεταφορά; actual "transfer", "offset"; derivative metapheró "I transport") is the displacement of meaning between two terms with an aesthetic purpose. It is located in the Poetics and the Rhetoric of Aristotle. The term English French term metaphor is derived from S XVI métaphore, which in turn comes from the Latin metaphora, "and it's μεταφορά (Metaphora)," transfer "from μεταφέρω (metapherō)," transfer "," transfer "and of μετά (meta), "between" + φέρω (phero), "transport" In literature, it is considered as a trope, semantic figure consisting of the combination of terms that allows the description of something with a resemblance by analogy (Ref 1)

A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes a topic (subject or object) stating that according to a point of comparison is the same as another seemingly unrelated. It is a figure of speech that compares two different things without using the words "is like" or "looks", so it should not be confused with a simile using these words. The metaphor is a type of analogy and is associated with other figures of speech that achieve their effects via association, resemblance, comparison including allegory, hyperbole and simile to. (Ref. 2)

In English literature, an excellent example of metaphor is a work of Shakespeare monologue in As You Like It:

All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women Merely Players;
They have Their Exits and Their entrances;
-William Shakespeare, As You Like It, (Ref 2)

This quote contains a metaphor for the world is not literally a stage, but Shakespeare figuratively stating that the world is, describe how the world works and human life in it.

The metaphors and parables are an essential feature; are easily understood and easily captured even by the most reluctant to understand abstract concepts. An abstract concept of ethics, loyalty, duty usually transmitted by the head ends in soliloquy, when people whom he addresses are not professional or intellectual who has the height; a parable metaphor by a leader is accepted by the simplicity of the language and the high degree of understanding and acceptance.

For 2000 years the scattered parables in the Gospels have guided many people, and it is possible that the reflection from them has changed lives and redirected behaviors served for religious or moral leaders guide and guide their people.

Metaphors, parables and other intellectual and figurative creations can serve leaders to present ideas, to invoke the assistance of its staff, in times of crisis or boom, to modify behavior. In this regard it is pertinent to ask, why metaphors work?

In Ref. 3, it is noted that there is no way to test whether early humans used metaphors because there are no records, but certainly the metaphor was a powerful element of aboriginal cultures that did not use writing and that allowed them to be stable for a long time . Therefore, it is reasonable to argue that metaphors were an important part of the culture for a long time, maybe long before that same language. So it could even be suggested that the "compressibility of metaphors is inscribed in the genes" is instinctive.

3. Metaphor and business

Outside the context of primitive peoples for which the metaphor was a vital means of communication; subsequently used in villages with writing to convey or communicate complex ideas in literature and as a means of social class differentiation.

A different use of metaphor began between 1940 and 1950, when people like Alex Osborn (the creator of 'brainstorming'), WJJ Gordon and George Prince (creators of creativity approach called 'Synectics') adopted a business standpoint. Osborn, impressed by the significant increase in the productivity of American industry, motivated by the "war effort" 1939-45 (a concept of innovation that 30 years later would lead to the 'Japanese industrial revolution' of 1980). These pioneers of the novel "practical creativity" wanted to help people and organizations to be more imaginative, so the analogy and metaphors began to be used as instruments commercially valuable, not only as literary devices or explanations of psychological processes mysteries. (Ref. 3)

Prince George (1970) in one of his books says:

In 1951, as a result of becoming familiar newly With the work of Jung and Freud and Malthus With the principles of psychoanalysis, I convinced That Became imagination and the creation of ideas, Could be stimulated by the proper use of repressed thoughts. An executive in an advertising and marketing company, I Began experimenting with psychologists and creative people on everyday problems to find out if and how new ideas, Could be so generated.

Following these ideas and requirements of development, cognitive scientists are convinced that the approach of metaphors and analogies is one of the foundation of thought, rather than just the "surface decoration of a cake."

In this regard, Douglas Hofstadter, in 2001, stated:

Reasoning ... and problem-solving have (At least I dearly hope!) Been at long last Recognised as lying far indeed from the core of human thought. If analogy Were Merely a special variety of Something That in itself lies on the peripheries way out, then it would be an itty-bitty but blip in the broad blue sky of cognition. To me, however I, analogy is anything but an itty blip - rather, it's the very blue sky That fills the whole of cognition - analogy is everything, or very nearly so, in my view. (Ref. 3)
This idea is very far from Samuel Parker, John Locke, Adam Smith; although, of course, this does not mean that we can not solve problems with reasoned argument or so that they considered valuable. In fact, we can and we do regularly.
Rather, it means that special skills are acquired, like a gymnast or a dancer learning to perform spectacular stunts or steps in the parallel bars or on the dance floor, so that seems to be light as a feather.

These are amazing human achievements. Similarly, when an executive and leader practices mental gymnastics, learn and practice when using metaphors, you are ready for true connection with their partners, and also for rational discussions when necessary.

A famous metaphor related to the commitment of a people is the promise and challenge of Winston Churchill to the British people by invoking the full participation in the war against the Nazis. "Blood, sweat and tears" was the metaphor of the supreme sacrifice of the people

Conclusions

Metaphors are effective and useful tools to convey ideas, concepts simple or complex, even reluctant minds.

The creation or strengthening recurrence metaphors allow creativity of the leader or executive, as they can come to real life situations, with greater ability to deal with a problem from different angles.

The messages, invocations, staff effort demands are summarized and graphically, and are always accessible.

The greatest achievements in organizational human activity in the social, economic and political have been preceded or accompanied by metaphors that invoke the participation and commitment.

References

Metáfora

Tomado el 20/07/2014 de : FUENTE:  http://es.wikipedi.or/wiki/metafora

Metaphor

Tomado el 20/07/2014 de : FUENTE: http://en.wikipedi.or/wiki/metaphor

Methapor (2004) The Open University, UK; 2004

Tomado el 20/07/2014 de : FUENTE: http://tscp.open.ac.uk/t185/html/resources/r2history.html